Archive for July 2021
| No. | Cranial Nerves | Functions |
|---|---|---|
| I | Olfactory Nerve | Smell |
| II | Optic Nerve | Vision |
| III | Oculomotor Nerve | Eye movement, pupil constriction |
| IV | Trochlear Nerve | Eye movement |
| V | Trigeminal Nerve | Somatosensory information (touch, pain) from the face and head, muscles for chewing. |
| VI | Abducens Nerve | Eye movement |
| VII | Facial Nerve | Taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue), somatosensory information from ear, controls muscles used in facial expression. |
| VIII | Vestibulocochlear Nerve | Hearing, balance |
| IX | Glossopharyngeal Nerve | Taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue), Somatosensory information from tongue, tonsil, pharynx, controls some muscles used in swallowing. |
| X | Vagus Nerve | Sensory, motor and autonomic functions of viscera (glands, digestion, heart rate) |
| XI | Spinal Accessory Nerve | Controls muscles used in head movement. |
| XII | Hypoglossal Nerve | Controls muscles of tongue |
Stoneman syndrome or fibrodysplastic ossificans progressiva (FOP) or Munchmeyer's disease is a rare genetic disease of ectopic soft tissue calcification with hand and foot deformities leading to severe restriction of joint movements. It was first described in 1692 in a young patient who turned into wood. It may be sporadic or autosomal dominant. The disease is caused by mutation in the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) type I (Activin A receptor, type I [ACVR1]) leading to dysregulated bone formation.The incidence, as reported from Europe and United States, is around 1 in two million individuals.
